In parallel, a negative control was performed by incubating cells with bacteria for 10 min on ice
Also, it may be possible that the increased HNE staining is a specific consequence of the mouse strain used in our experiments, given the fact that FVBN mouse strain might be more sensitive than C57BL/6 J one 33,34
LR3 circumvents this, resulting in significantly higher free bioavailability at the receptor
To mechanistically dissect how GGCT remodels TCA cycle flux, we first employed [U- 13 C]glutamine isotope tracing to map the rerouting of Gln metabolic pathways
They work through fundamentally different mechanisms, which is why they're often combined
The critical metric is not raw material cost per kg, but cost per unit of bioactive GSH effectively delivered to target tissues