Elevated hospitalisation for HF incidence remains a concern, as reported in the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial.5557 However, in the EXAMINE and the latest CARMELINA trials, HF incidences were neutral.58,59 DPP-4 inhibitors have been reported to inhibit degradation of endogenous peptides other than GLP-1, including stromal-cell-derived factor (SDF) 1, neuropeptide Y and substance P ( Figure 2 ).60 Potentiation of these peptides results in sympathetic activation via cyclic AMP signalling and beta-receptor activation, which may contribute to HF development and cardiac fibrosis
The Lancet Oncology
By reducing inflammation and enhancing hydration, these fatty acids contribute to a smoother, more radiant complexion
However, theres good news
Zillen D, Beugeling M, Hinrichs WLJ, Frijlink HW, Grasmeijer F (2021) Natural and bioinspired excipients for dry powder inhalation formulations
Available from: Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS