As subjects were included when either treatment combination was initiated, any previous use of metformin, GLP-1 RA or DPP-4is alone or in combination with any other glucose-lowering drug was allowed
While prevention is paramount, this growing mechanistic framework raises hypotheses for future studies that targeting mitochondrial metabolism can open windows of epigenetic plasticity toward more positive health outcomes, particularly in subjects with a history of adverse childhood experiences
The sweet spot seems to be people who are mildly dehydrated or have minor deficiencies they don't even realize
Bedard, P
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1651063 248 ZhaoHMHuangXYZuoZQPanQHAoMYZhouFet al
Zang X, He XY, Xiao CM, Lin Q, Wang MY, Liu CY, et al