Generally, if you are deficient in B-12, youll need some form of supplementation: oral supplements (tablets or spray) or injections
However because vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products such as milk, cheese, and eggs, vegans are at higher risk of having a vitamin B12 deficiency
AOD-9604 Research Protocols & Administration Dosing in Published Research Research investigations have employed diverse AOD-9604 doses across species and administration routes: Rodent studies: 250-500 mcg/kg orally or intraperitoneally was most common for obesity research Rabbit models: 0.25 mg per joint for osteoarthritis studies (intra-articular injection) Pig pharmacokinetic studies: 1.5 mg/kg IV and 2 mg/kg oral for metabolism characterization Human clinical trials: Oral doses of 0.25-10 mg daily
NRH salvage and conversion to NAD(+) requires NRH kinase activity by adenosine kinase [PMID: 32694608] Laboratory literature summary: NRH salvage and conversion to NAD(+) requires NRH kinase activity by adenosine kinase
Some studies suggest AOD-9604 may support collagen synthesis in chondrocytes and reduce joint inflammation, which could be a secondary benefit for anyone carrying excess weight that stresses their joints
Holding the needle parallel to the body, carefully insert the needle into the skin and inject the B12