The molecule was first identified and studied by the Sikiric research group in Croatia starting in the early 1990s, and the bulk of the preclinical evidence base comes from more than three decades of rat and rodent studies showing consistent tissue-repair, anti-inflammatory, and gastroprotective effects
Advanced providers give full Certificates of Analysis that list all the impurities that were used, such as deamidation products and incomplete synthesis pieces that could cause immune reactions
In cell culture studies, addition of epitalon to telomerase-negative human fetal fibroblasts induced expression of this catalytical subunit, enzymatic telomerase activity, and subsequent telomere elongation
For a confirmed deficiency, their guidelines point to a specific type of B12 called hydroxocobalamin, given as an intramuscular injection
The 2014 paper by Benoist et al
Methylglyoxal is an active dicarboxylic compound involved in a variety of deleterious processes, including the formation of AGE with proteins or DNA modification