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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone integral to regulating blood sugar levels and influencing appetite and digestion
Clinical trials (e.g., SUSTAIN and STEP programs) have demonstrated significant HbA1c reduction and meaningful weight loss in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations
At the systemic level, GLP-1 RAs improve insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues (muscle, adipose), reduce circulating free fatty acid flux to the liver, suppress hypothalamic appetite circuits to promote weight loss, and lower systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-1, IL-6), thereby reducing the hepatic inflammatory milieu indirectly [7,26,30]
Patients were told to eat less and exercise more
Podkowiska A, Formanowicz D