Extending the incubation to 72 hours exacerbated these trends, and even GSH levels fell by 33%, and GSSG increased by 81% from the baseline (Supplementary Figure 1g-l)
Direct loading is ideal for operational efficiency because it eliminates the need for a buffer adjustment and mixing step
We thus quantified the levels of active Casp8 and Bid in isolated mitochondria from differentiated OLs
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In addition, non-essential amino acids such as glycine, serine, and related metabolites also play roles in macrophage polarization
