This stability may explain why relatively low doses produce noticeable effects
Supplementation of boric acid or borate can improve antioxidant defense mechanism, stimulating activities of superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase enzymes, detoxifying reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen, reducing oxidative stress, and lowering DNA damage and lipid peroxidation ( In addition, boron is helpful to prevent OA, possibly by enhancing absorption of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, and retention of magnesium and calcium ( Cadmium Bone is the main target organ of cadmium accumulation owing to chronic exposure ( Bodo et al
FASEB J 27 , 24512457 (2013)
They demonstrated an increase in specific LPO parameters such as ethane and pentane exhalation by 30- to-50-fold, accompanied by GSH depletion and loss of PUFAs (mainly 20:4 and 22:6)
doi: 10.1055/s-0043-125148 25 DabrowskiFAGrzechocinskaBWielgosM
Vaughn JE, Henrikson CK, Grieshaber JA