The mechanisms underlying an augmented GLP-1 response to intraduodenal glucose after Met (60 min) and Met (30 min) remain uncertain, but may reflect an effect of metformin on inhibiting glucose absorption in the upper small intestine, with consequent increased exposure of L cells to glucose more distally in the gut
Some people experience side effects like nausea and diarrhea within the first day or two after each dose
When you're deficient, the symptoms are usually gradual: fatigue, brain fog, low mood, tingling in hands or feet, unexplained weakness
For over-the-counter PPIs, patients should follow FDA guidance: take once daily for up to 14 days, not more than 3 courses per year without physician supervision, and seek medical evaluation if symptoms persist beyond 14 days or recur frequently
Third-party testing organizations can verify peptide identity and purity if the suppliers certificate raises questions
Furthermore, these second-line agents seem to decrease multiple bodily symptoms or somatization, and improve health-related quality of life