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Pernicious anemia refers to a vitamin B12 deficiency caused by autoantibodies that interfere with vitamin B12 absorption by targeting intrinsic factor (IF), gastric parietal cells, or both

Factors That Affect How Long B12 Stays in the Body Several factors influence how long B12 stays in the body, including health conditions, metabolism, and age

Ethics declarations Competing interests RS and JPR received research funding for this study from Researched Nutritionals, LLC

Its upregulation of antioxidant enzyme expression, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, has also been a subject of research interest

( Streptococcus sali var ius subsp

Legs, ankles or feet swell up