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For a drug to passively diffuse through this layer, it typically needs to be: Small in molecular size Lipophilic (fat-soluble) However, GLP-1 molecules: Are too large and hydrophilic Cannot naturally penetrate the skin barrier Even if GLP-1 patches claim to have GLP-1 drugs, the molecules cannot pass through the skin barrier without support

10.1016/j.molcel.2023.08.005 70 HayashiG.JasoliyaM.SahdeoS.SaccF.PaneC.FillaA.et al (2017)

doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15601-5 82 LiQ.FadoulG.IkonomovicM.YangT.ZhangF

A diet high in processed carbohydrates and sugar can partially counteract the appetite-suppressing effects by creating insulin spikes and blood sugar crashes that drive hunger independent of GLP-1 signaling

Where you get them matters

Patients 6 and 7 have discontinued treatment as they are planning pregnancy